有了好的知识论，你就能判断还有什么为真With a Good Theory of Knowledge, You Can Decide What Else Is True
纳瓦尔：戴维·多伊奇对世界有一种很了不起的看法：他相信，一切重要的事物都可以被单个人类理解。他所说的"重要"，指的是驱动现实大部分运作的那些基础理论。
多伊奇专注于四条理论。我可能会说或许还有更多，尤其是当你开始涉及亚当·斯密和《国富论》，以及其他一些更具社会学色彩的理论时。但他显然是一位物理学家，更关心现实与求真，而非人类社会的体系。
他选出的四条理论是：认识论；自然选择进化论；量子理论——他把相对论及其他物理学都归入其中；以及计算理论，其中包括他的量子计算理论。
这四条理论令人着迷。或许值得探究一下每一条的独到之处。这里有什么可能并不显而易见的突破？
我们先从认识论说起。
我之所以喜爱《无穷的开始》，是因为多伊奇对认识论中哪些是正确的、哪些是我们所知的最佳答案，做了非常严谨的梳理。一旦你拥有了一个好的知识论，你就能判断还有哪些东西为真。
如果你以错误的基础作为知识论的起点，那么你就会认定一堆其实是错误的东西，还以为它们可能是真的。
而他的认识论以好的解释为核心。它承接了波普尔关于科学与求真即纠错机制的观点，并加以拓展。我很想听听你对多伊奇所阐述的知识论（即认识论）的总结。
Naval: David Deutsch has this great view of the world where he believes that everything important is understandable by a single human. By important he means the underlying base theories that drive most of reality.
Deutsch fixates on four theories. I could argue maybe there are a few more, especially if you start getting into Adam Smith and The Wealth of Nations and a few other more sociological ones. But he’s obviously a physicist concerned more with reality and truth-seeking, not human systems.
The four he picks are the theory of epistemology; the theory of evolution by natural selection; quantum theory, into which he subsumes relativity and other physics; and the theory of computation, which includes his theory of quantum computation.
These four are fascinating. It’s probably worth exploring what’s interesting about each of them. What is the breakthrough here that might be nonobvious?
Let’s start with epistemology.
The reason I love The Beginning of Infinity is that Deutsch does a very rigorous review of what is correct in epistemology, what we know to be the best answers. Once you have a good theory of knowledge, then you can decide what else is true.
If you’re starting with a bad basis for the theory of knowledge, then you’re going to decide on a bunch of things that are false when you think they might be true.
And his epistemology is centered around good explanations. It takes Popper’s view of science and truth-seeking as being error-correcting mechanisms and expands on it. I’d love to hear your summary of the theory of knowledge, or epistemology, as Deutsch lays it out.