科学 · 2005-11-29Science · 2005-11-29
动物会笑吗？Do Animals Laugh?
女人在男人身上喜欢的几乎所有东西，似乎都带有某种生殖适应度的信号价值。幽默呢？请注意，光说"幽默是减压器"是不够的。问题是，它为什么会减压？
我最好的猜测是：
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幽默以快速、一口一个的小形式传递情境智力。你必须了解当地的社交环境，并且足够聪明，才能自然而然地搞笑。
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幽默是大脑借以进行某种自我观察的机制（否则大脑几乎无法做到这一点）——通过注意到我们的环境中有多少其实只是基于模式匹配的预测性猜测。明显错误的模式匹配（很多幽默正是建立在这上面）表明，我们对严肃的事情也可能出错，因此我们对它们——嗯——也就不那么严肃了。这可以减轻压力。
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要讲笑话，你必须玩弄模式，并故意让它们不完整。要做到这一点，你还必须能够补全模式——也就是推理的能力。因此，会幽默的动物就是会推理的动物。非人类动物会笑、会开玩笑吗？
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还有其他猜测吗？
Almost everything that women like in men seems to have some reproductive fitness signaling value. What about humor? Note that it’s not enough to say that “humor is a stress reliever.” The question is, why would it relieve stress?
The best guesses that I have:
- Humor signals contextual intelligence in quick, bite-size forms. You have to know about the local social environment and be intelligent to be spontaneously funny.
- Humor is the mechanism via which the brain can engage in some self-observation (nearly impossible for the brain to do otherwise) by noticing how much of our environment is actually predictive guesses based on pattern matching. Obviously false pattern matches (which a lot of humor is based on) show that we can be wrong about serious things, and so we take them, well, less seriously. This can reduce stress.
- To make jokes, you must play with patterns and make them incomplete on purpose. To do so, you have to be able to complete patterns as well – the ability to reason. Therefore a humorous animal is a reasoning animal. Do non-human animals laugh and joke around?
- Any others?
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